THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
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The female reproductive organs consist of the ovary, Fallopian or uterine tube, uterus and vagina.
Menstrual cycle:
The reproductive system of the female, unlike that of male, shows regular cyclic change that happen may be regarded as periodic preparation for fertilization and pregnancy. In human being, the cycle is a menstrual cycle, and its most conspicuous feature is the periodic vaginal bleeding that occurs with the shedding of the uterine mucosa [menstruation].
The length of the cycle is notoriously variable in women, but an average figure is 28 days from the start of one menstrual period to the start of the next. By common usage, the days of the cycle are identified by number, starting with the first day of menstruation.
Ovarian cycle or ovulation:
Under the ovarian capsule there are from the time of birth many primordial follicles, each containing an immature ovum. At the start of each cycle, several of this follicles enlarge and a cavity forms around the ovum. In humans, one of the follicles in one ovary starts to grow rapidly on about the sixth day, while the others regress. At about the 14th day of cycle, the distended follicle ruptures and the ovum is extruded into the abdominal cavity. This is the process of ovulation. The ovum is pick up by the fimbriae ends of the fallopian tubes and transported to the uterus , and, unless, fertilization occurs, it goes out through the vagina. Follicle which enlarge but fail to ovulate degenerate, forming atretic follicles.
The ovum lives for approximately 72 hours after it is extruded from the follicle, and the sperms apparently survive in female genital tract for no more 120 hours. Consequently, the fertile period during a 28 day cycle [period of menses] is actually 120 hours in length; and the most fertile period is 24 hours before ovulation.
4. FERTILIZATION AND PREGNANCY.
Menstrual cycle:
The reproductive system of the female, unlike that of male, shows regular cyclic change that happen may be regarded as periodic preparation for fertilization and pregnancy. In human being, the cycle is a menstrual cycle, and its most conspicuous feature is the periodic vaginal bleeding that occurs with the shedding of the uterine mucosa [menstruation].
The length of the cycle is notoriously variable in women, but an average figure is 28 days from the start of one menstrual period to the start of the next. By common usage, the days of the cycle are identified by number, starting with the first day of menstruation.
Ovarian cycle or ovulation:
Under the ovarian capsule there are from the time of birth many primordial follicles, each containing an immature ovum. At the start of each cycle, several of this follicles enlarge and a cavity forms around the ovum. In humans, one of the follicles in one ovary starts to grow rapidly on about the sixth day, while the others regress. At about the 14th day of cycle, the distended follicle ruptures and the ovum is extruded into the abdominal cavity. This is the process of ovulation. The ovum is pick up by the fimbriae ends of the fallopian tubes and transported to the uterus , and, unless, fertilization occurs, it goes out through the vagina. Follicle which enlarge but fail to ovulate degenerate, forming atretic follicles.
The ovum lives for approximately 72 hours after it is extruded from the follicle, and the sperms apparently survive in female genital tract for no more 120 hours. Consequently, the fertile period during a 28 day cycle [period of menses] is actually 120 hours in length; and the most fertile period is 24 hours before ovulation.
4. FERTILIZATION AND PREGNANCY.
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